The PSI disclosure concerns were raised by which case?

• A. Williams v New York
• B. United States v Nixon
• C. Roe v Wade
• D. Plessy v Ferguson

Answer: (A)

Presentence investigation disclosure is about how information in a presentence investigation report is shared with the defense and how the defense can respond to or challenge its contents during sentencing. Williams v. New York tackled this by holding that a judge may consider the presentence report in determining an appropriate sentence, but the defendant must have a meaningful opportunity to rebut or question the information within the report. This establishes a due-process balance: the court can rely on PSI to inform punishment, while ensuring the defendant can respond to any potentially inaccurate or unverified statements. The other cases listed focus on different issues—United States v Nixon deals with executive privilege and disclosure in a presidential context; Roe v Wade centers on abortion rights and privacy; Plessy v Ferguson addresses racial segregation and equal protection. Thus, Williams v. New York is the case associated with PSI disclosure concerns.